Λήψη αποφάσεων: αποφάσεις που παίρνονται από ένα άτομο έναντι αποφάσεων που παίρνονται ομαδικά α) μετά από ομοφωνία β) μετά από συμμετοχή

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Fifty-five students at the Teacher's Training Institute (S.E.L.E.T.E) responded to the "Moonshot", a task-oriented simulated decision making exercise, first as individuals and then in groups of 3-4 persons using two different group decision making models. The decisions made by individuals acting alone were compared to those made either by group discussion and agreement (consensus) or by individuals using information and advice from others (participating decision making), to determine which processes produced the most correct decisions. In half of the participative groups the person with the best initial score was appointed to be the decision maker in the other half the person with the worst initial score was appointed. Responses were compared for each group by means of a pretest-post test design. Correlated sample t-values were computed on the pretest and posttest error scores for consensus groups, participative-best groups, participative-worst groups, and participative (best and worst combined) groups. These t-values were checked for significance using the more conservatism two tailed test of probability. Within the context of this study, the following conclusions seen warranted. 1. Decisions made by group discussion and agreement (consensus) are more correct than decisions made by the same individuals acting alone. 2. Decisions made by individuals using information and advice from others (participative decision making) are more correct than decisions made by the same individuals acting alone. This improvement depends on the Knowledge the other members of the group have on the subject comparison to the Knowledge of the decision maker. This study was not designed to settle the question of whether decisions should be made by consensus or by a designated decision maker. There are situations and problems where decisions should be made by individuals, while others by group consensus or group participation. But the most important conclusion is that if arriving at the most correct decisions is the primary goal) the involvement of several persons -who know the subject- will provide better results than the one man deciding alone model.

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