Nudging and learned helplessness in algorithmic sanctioning law in Spain

Abstract

From a terminological point of view, algorithmic artificial intelligence sys-
tems (hereinafter AI) are based indistinctly on statistical learning, machine
learning or1 data mining; distinguishing. In turn, various methods can be dis-
tinguished depending on whether they are guided learning, with labeled data
(supervised learning) or those that use autonomous learning, without labeled
data (unsupervised learning), and there are also reinforcement learning algo-
rithms.