Η Βουλγαρία στη μετα-κομμουνιστική περίοδο : τρία χρόνια πειραματισμού υπό καθεστώς κοινοβουλευτικής δημοκρατίας (1990-1993)

Abstract

The Zhivkov régime fell in November 1989 more or less of its own accord, with
no preceding attempts at a bloody overthrow. In June 1990, the transitional government
led by A. Lukanov guided the country to its first free, multi-party elections
since the Second World War, which were won by the former Communist, now
Socialist, Party of Bulgaria. On 1 August 1990, Zh. Zhelev was indirectly elected
President, and re-elected on 19 January 1992 by the people.
On 12 July 1991, Bulgaria acquired a new democratic constitution, article 11 §4
of which outlaws political parties based on religious or ethnic criteria. The second
parliamentary elections, held on 13 October 1991, were won by the Union of
Democratic Forces.
Bulgaria has no clear defence policy at present, and is seeking defensive
alliances through bilateral treaties and regional accords. The country's foreign policy
reflects its economic and defence options and is chiefly characterised by a rapprochement
with Turkey. Relations with Greece are in a state of alarming flux, chiefly as a result of developments connected with the Macedonian Question.